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1 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2 10. Word Order Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

3 German sentence structure is far more forgiving than English sentence structure. English uses word order to indicate word function German uses cases instead sentence structure matters far less in the German language.

4 I shall illustrate this with examples soon. Either one of the case sequences below is correct. Nominativ Dativ Akkusativ Nominativ Akkusativ Dativ Akkusativ Nominativ Dativ Dativ Nominativ Akkusativ Akkusativ Dativ Nominativ

5 10.1 Main Clause 10.2 Subordinate Clause/ Conjunctions 10.3 Jetzt üben wir! Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

6 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

7 10.1 Main Clause Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

8 Das Kind fängt den Ball. Den Ball fängt das Kind The ball catches the child Doing the same in English is clearly not doable as it changes the meaning. Word order is not negotiable in the English language. In German it is. This is why:

9 Sentence Elements, Cases, Word Order Position of the Finite (conjugated) Verb Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

10 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

11 Sentence Elements, Cases, Word Order Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

12 Which element is in first position in the following sentences? Cases are key, - let s identify them. 1. Der Lehrer gibt dem Schüler gestern in der Schule den Test zurück.

13 2. Den Test gibt der Lehrer dem Schüler gestern in der Schule zurück. 3. Dem Schüler gibt der Lehrer gestern in der Schule den Test zurück

14 4. Gestern gibt der Lehrer dem Schüler in der Schule den Test zurück. (time) 5. In der Schule gibt der Lehrer dem Schüler gestern den Test zurück. (place)

15 subject wer oder was? der Lehrer nominative direct object who or what? den Test accusative indirect object to/for whom? dem Schüler dative time gestern place In der Schule

16 Basic Rules to remember: Conjugated or finite verb is always in second position (not necessarily the 2d word). Infinite verb forms (infinitive, past participle) are at the end of the sentence.

17 Subject is often the first sentence element but other sentence elements (direct/indirect object, place or time elements) can take that first position as well. If that is the case the subject follows the finite verb.

18 Verb and subject rotate around each other and always next to each other.

19 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

20 Position of the Finite Verb Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

21 Hier ist mein Freund Mein Freund ist hier Ist mein Freund hier?

22 Look at the sentence below, add the verb (war) please. Unser Urlaub im Sommer in Hamburg war interessant. 1. Im Sommer unser Urlaub in Hamburg interessant. 2. In Hamburg unser Urlaub im Sommer interessant. 3. Unser Urlaub im Sommer in Hamburg interessant.

23 To summarize the flexibility when it comes to word sequence in the German language: Sie fliegen morgen um 9 Uhr nach NY Morgen um 9 Uhr fliegen Sie nach NY Nach NY fliegen Sie morgen um 9 Uhr

24 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

25 Conjunctions: Und, Aber, Oder Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

26 When two clauses are connected by a coordinating conjunction, both follow normal subjectverb word order. Always use a comma before aber.

27 1. Wir lernen Deutsch und studieren in Deutschland, aber wir vermissen Familie. 2. Er arbeitet, aber (er) macht nicht sehr viel und (er) sitzt nur am Computer.

28 3. Es ist Montag und es geht ihm gut, aber er versteht das Problem nicht.

29 One last example to practice. Correct the mistakes (only one sentence is correct) and rearrange the verbs reisen and sind in the three incorrectly written sentences below:

30 Wir oft reisen und gern in Berlin sind Oft wir reisen und gern sind in Deutschland Wir gern sind in Berlin und reisen oft in Berlin sind wir gern und reisen oft

31 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

32 10.2 Subordinate Clauses/ Conjunctions Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

33 Subordinating conjunctions (weil, wenn, als) do affect word order. Any verb other than the main conjugated one in 2d position is kicked further down the sentence, remember?

34 Du bist krank. Gute Besserung! Ruf uns an, wenn du wieder gesund bist. Du hattest Fieber, als du krank warst.

35 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

36 Position of the Conjugated Verb Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

37 Subordinate conjunctions kick the verb all the way to the end of the sentence.

38 Er versteht nicht, weil es ist kompliziert (falsch) Er versteht nicht, weil es kompliziert ist. Sie sind müde, weil sie schlafen nicht (falsch) Sie sind müde, weil sie nicht schlafen.

39 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

40 Questions and Answers Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

41 Bist du krank, weil du Fieber hast? Ja, ich habe Fieber, weil ich krank bin. Es ist so warm, weil die Sonne scheint, aber auch, weil es August ist. Sie macht Urlaub an der Nordsee, weil sie das Meer liebt und gerne hier ist.

42 Warum spricht er so gut Deutsch? Er spricht gut Deutsch, weil er viel studiert. Indirect question - Indirekte Frage: Darf ich fragen, warum er so gut Deutsch spricht? Sie will wissen, warum es so warm ist.

43 GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

44 10.3 Jetzt üben wir! Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

45 Write sentences using the elements provided, be mindful of all verb placements. Schreiben Sie Sätze und achten Sie auf die Platzierung der Verben.

46 / du / Sagst du heute gar nichts weil du bist müde?

47 Sie freut sich immer sehr, wenn ich mache guten Salat

48 Gehen wir heute Abend ins Kino, wenn du hast Zeit?

49 Correct the mistakes below in sentences with subordinating conjunctions: Beispiel: Du fährst nicht Auto, weil du bist noch nicht alt genug bist.

50 Du bist nicht fit, wenn du isst zu viel. Ihr habt Fußball gespielt, als das Wetter war gut.

51 Er kann nicht kommen, weil er macht Hausaugaben. Wir lernen abends nicht, wenn wir sind müde.

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