Fish Hazard Index a tool for assessing hydropower impacts on fish

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1 Fish Hazard Index a tool for assessing hydropower impacts on fish Christian Wolter, Dirk Bernotat, Jörn Gessner, Anika Brüning, Jan Lackemann & Johannes Radinger 5 th Biennial Symposium of the International Society for River Science, Hamilton, NZ,

2 Content Objectives Concept Results Conclusions

3 Objectives Hydropower is a renewable energy With collateral damages (fish mortality estimates range 0-100%) When does fish mortality become significant? Example Germany (2016) 7700 hydro powers 3.3% electricity from hp 406 hpp produce 84% of the electricity 7300 hpp 16% => 0.52% in total

4 Objectives Project Assessing the impacts of hydropower on fish (FKZ ) Legal basis: Implementing for hpp permits Species Conservation Law - prohibits to harm especially protected animals - prohibits killing vertebrates without significant justification Environmental Impact Assessment Law

5 Objectives Mortality Risk Assessment Schemes For birds For bats e.g. at roads, wind power e.g. at roads, wind power For mammals For amphibians, reptiles, some invertebrate species New: for fish Bernotat & Dierschke (2016)

6 Concept Speciesspecific resilience, Life history Operationspecific risk Constellation -specific risk Assessment Mortality Risk Index Populationbiological sensitivity / resilience Conservation value Mortality risk Species ecology Migration type River region Empirical mortality data HPP & site characteristics River region Positioning (MC, bypass) Turbine type Fish protection devices

7 Concept Population-biological sensitivity index (PSI)

8 Concept Population-biological sensitivity index (PSI)

9 Concept Conservation value index (NWI)

10 Concept

11 Concept Mortality risk of species Very high Diadromous species Obligatory migrants Species with FRI <6.5 (high energy rivers) High variance FRI Large-bodied species Lake species Very low Facultative migrants Species with FRI >6.5 (low energy rivers) Low variance FRI Small-bodies species Empirically observed mortality

12 Concept Mortality risk of species

13 Concept

14 Results 9 extremly low 8 very low 7 low 6 rather low 5 average 4 rather high 3 high 2 very high 1 extremly high Resilience of fishes Big mammals Average sized mammals Mice / small mammals Bats Reptils Amphibians? Bugs?? Dragonflies?? Butterflies?? Flies? Fishes Large sized birds Average sized birds Small birds

15 Results MGI Conservation value (NWI) Population-biological Sensitivity (PSI) Baltischer Stör, Buckelmaräne, Buntflossengroppe, Huchen, Europäischer Stör, Rhein-Schnäpel, Hausen Sterlet, Sternhausen, Waxdick Ammersee-Kilch, Ammersee- Tiefensaibling, Bodensee-Kilch, Bodensee- Tiefseesaibling Chiemsee-Renke, Donau-Neunauge, Lachs, Luzin- Tiefenmaräne, Maifisch, Schaalsee-Maräne, Stechlin-Maräne, Steingressling, Ziege Baltischer Goldsteinbeißer Aal Äsche, Baltische Groppe, Blaufelchen Flussneunauge, Frauennerfling, Gangfisch, Meerneunauge, Perlfisch, Schnäpel, Schrätzer, Streber, Strömer, Zingel Finte, Karausche, Schlammpeitzger, Sandfelchen Zährte Karpfen (Rheinkarpfen), Kleine Maräne Königssee- Saibling, Nase, Quappe, Rapfen, Seesaibling Seelaube, Stromgründling, Zobel, Zope Donau- Kaulbarsch, Stint, Donau- Steinbeißer, Steinbeißer, Moderlieschen Schneider Aland, Bachneunauge, Barbe, Donau- Stromgründling, Forelle, Elritze, Güster, Rotfeder, Schleie Wels, Zander Bitterling Giebel, Groppe, Kaulbarsch, Rhein-Groppe, Stachelgroppe, Westlicher Stichling, Östlicher Stichling, Gründling, Zwergstichling, Brassen, Flussbarsch, Hecht Bachschmerle, Döbel Hasel, Rotauge, Ukelei Species-specific fish mortality index (MGI) 7 8 9

16 Results Review turbine mortality 101 investigations (37 German and European studies) 42 species 643 data sets (species * investigation) 21 species with 5 studies with >10 specimens Mortality rate per species * site

17 Results Empirical turbine mortality vs fish length

18 Results Empirical turbine mortality vs fish species

19 Results Species-specific classification of operational mortality risk from hydro power 1 very high 2 high 3 average 4 low 5 very low I.1 I.2 I.3 Species-specific fish mortality index (MGI) II.4 II.5 III.6 III.7 IV.8 IV.9 Baltischer Stör, Europäischer Stör, Hausen Huchen, Rhein-Schnäpel, Sterlet, Sternhausen, Waxdick, Blankaal, Gelbaal, Lachs Lachssmolt, Maifisch, Ziege, Meerneunauge Schnäpel, Finte, Karpfen (Rheinkarpfen), Nase, Quappe, Rapfen, Zährte Aland, Barbe, Forelle, Meerforelle, Meerforellensmolt, Seeforelle, Seeforellensmolt, Wels Brassen, Hecht Buckelmaräne Schaalsee- Maräne Äsche, Flussneunauge, Frauennerfling, Perlfisch, Zingel Karausche, Königssee- Saibling, Seesaibling Sandfelchen, Zobel, Zope Flussbarsch Giebel, Ammersee- Tiefensaibling Chiemsee-Renke, Donau-Neunauge, Blaufelchen, Schrätzer, Strömer Schlammpeitzger Seelaube, Bachneunauge, Elritze, Rotfeder, Stint, Westlicher Stichling (W), BitterlingBitterling Westlicher Stichling (W), Buntflossengroppe Ammersee-Kilch, Bodensee-Kilch, Bodensee- Tiefseesaibling, Luzin-Tiefenmaräne, Stechlin-Maräne, Steingressling, Baltische Groppe, Baltischer Goldsteinbeißer, Gangfisch, Streber Kleine Maräne, Stromgründling Donau-Kaulbarsch, Donau-Steinbeißer, Steinbeißer, Donau- Stromgründling Moderlieschen, Schneider, Groppe, Gründling, Kaulbarsch, Östlicher Stichling, Rhein-Groppe, Stachelgroppe, Westlicher Stichling, Species-specific classification of operational mortality risk from hydro power V.10 Döbel Rotauge, Ukelei Hasel Bachschmerle V.11 VI.12 VI.13

20 Results Species-specific fish mortality index (MGI) I.1 I.2 I.3 II.4 II.5 III.6 Species-specific classification of operational mortality risk from hydro power 1 very high 2 high 3 average 4 low 5 very low Baltic sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon, Beluga, Stellate sturgeon, Danubian salmon, Whitefish, Sterlet Eel, Atlantic salmon, Smolts, Allis shad, Razorfish Sea lamprey Coregonus maraena, Coregonus widegrenii Coregonus holsatus Grayling, River lamprey, Rutilus pigus, Rutilus meidingeri, Zingel zingel Salvelinus evasus, Coregonus hoferi, Danubian lamprey, Coregonus wartmanni, Gymnocephalus schraetser, Telestes souffia Cottus poecilopus C. bavaricus, C. gutturosus, Salvelinus profundus, C. fontanae, C. lucinensis, Romanogobio uranoscopus Bullhead, Golden loach, Coregonus macrophthalmus, Zingel streber

21 Results Empirical turbine mortality vs turbine type

22 Results Empirical turbine mortality Rotational speed Drop height

23 Very high Results Mortality Species risk A.1 A.2 A.3 Baltic sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon, Beluga, Stellate sturgeon, A.4 Danubian salmon, Whitefish, Sterlet B.5 Eel, Atlantic salmon, Smolts, Allis shad, Razorfish B.6 C. widegrenii, C. holsatus, Sea lamprey, Coregonus maraena Salvelinus evasus, Coregonus hoferi, Danubian lamprey, C.7 Grayling, River lamprey, Rutilus pigus, Rutilus meidingeri, zingel, Cottus poecilopus, common carp, nase, asp, burbot, vimba ide, barbel, C. bavaricus, C. gutturosus, Salvelinus profundus, C. C.8 fontanae, C. lucinensis, R.uranoscopus, Salmo trutta, smolts, C. wartmanni, G. schraetser, Telestes souffia, wels, blue bream Bullhead, Golden loach, C. macrophthalmus, streber, common C.9 bream, silver bream, pike, wheatherfish, tench, smelt, zander High Average Low Very low D.10 Brook lamprey, minnow, perch, giebel, rudd, river gudgeon D.11 bitterling, chub, sunbleak, roach, spirlin, spined loach, bleak D.12 dace, gudgeon, ruffe, 3sp stickleback E.13 stone loach E.14 E.15 E.16 E.17 Constellationspecific risk Low Average High Very high Extremly high

24 Conclusions For the first time the whole fish assemblage is considered for assessment The assessment system is not supporting hydro power Significant mitigation and fish protection is needed to achieve a constellation specific risk less than high

25 for funding Thank you